The new day according to the solar calendar. Today, in sha Allah, the sun will set at -5.39° below the horizon. On some days this year, the sun will not descend more than -5.05°.
At 15°, the sky is significantly brighter compared to that at 18°. At this point, the red glow of the sun becomes stronger. Although it is permissible to perform the Fajr prayer at this time, it's important to note that starting the fast at this stage would be too late.
Fajr prayer 12° (wrong)
At this stage, the horizon is well defined, and the outlines of objects on land or at sea become clearer. During nautical dawn, the sky displays a mixture of deep blue and reddish-violet hues. The Fajr prayer at this time would be valid, but consuming food until this time would invalidate the fast.
The sky displays a mixture of deep blue and reddish-violet hues during nautical twilight. The Ishaa prayer at this time would be invalid in any case.
Midnight
The new day according to the solar calendar. Today, in sha Allah, the sun will set at -5.46° below the horizon. On some days this year, the sun will not descend lower than -5.05°.
At this time of year, the sun only descends {{lowestCulmination}}° below the horizon, and there is no true Fajr. Therefore, prayer time is calculated according to the Ijtihad method, in accordance with the fatwa of the Muslim World League.
Shuruk (sunrise) MWL with precautionary measures implemented
The sun should now be just below the horizon, but if you are on a mountain peak, it may become visible earlier. To account for this, this schedule adds 2 minutes to the calculated time for sunrise as a precaution. It is considered risky not to complete the prayer before the end of this adjusted time.
Ḍuhā time
Ḍuhā begins when the Sun is elevated one spear length, and lasts until Istiwāʾ. This is also the time of the ʿĪd prayer.
The Forbidden Time at Solar Noon
When the sun's disk is at its zenith, the time during which voluntary prayers are forbidden begins. This period lasts until the start of Dhuhr.
Dhuhr with precautionary measures implemented
According to a fatwa by the MWL, 2 minutes are added as a precaution to the Dhuhr prayer.
Dhuhr According to the Shadow Length Method
According to this opinion, the Dhuhr prayer begins as soon as the shadow starts to lengthen again after the sun has reached its highest point. The prayer time thus begins when the shadow has extended by the smallest measurable amount, for example, 1 mm.
Asr with Implemented Precautionary Measures
According to the MWL fatwa, 2 minutes are added to the Asr prayer time as a safety measure.
The end of the Asr prayer occurs when the sunlight turns reddish and one can look directly at the sun with the naked eye. It is considered sinful to delay the prayer beyond this point. However, it remains obligatory to perform the Asr prayer until the time of the Maghrib prayer. In emergency situations, the prayer can still be performed after this time without it being considered a sin.
Maghrib with Implemented Precautionary Measures
According to the MWL fatwa, 2 minutes are added to the Maghrib prayer time as a safety measure.
Ishaa MWL according to Ijtihad
At this time of year, the sun only descends {{lowestCulmination}}° below the horizon, and there is no true Ischaa. Therefore, prayer time is calculated according to the Ijtihad method, in accordance with the fatwa of the Muslim World League.
His name is Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Yaḥyā al-Naqqāsh al-Zarqālī (al-Zarqālah) al-Tujibi, and he passed away in the year 493 of the Hijrah, which corresponds to the year 1100. The instrument maker and astronomer from Andalusia. His astronomical instruments and works would continue to be used for another 400 years. The great astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus cited from his works...
He is Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī (317h) and he was the greatest and most famous astronomer of the Islamic World. His works were significantly involved in the development of science and astronomy in the West. The great astronomers of history utilized his works, among them Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, and Galileo Galilei. He recognized the use of trigonometry in astronomy and laid the milestones for the further development of astronomy...
His name is Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni. He died in the year 440 after the Hijrah (1050). He is a great scholar and astronomer. And he is called the father of modern geodesy. Out of his 146 books, he dedicated 95 to astronomy, mathematics, and geography...
